辛味中药在治疗消渴证中的应用价值及中药五味理论现代研究的思考

辛味是中药五味学说中的重要性味之一,通常具有“发散”“行气”和“行血”的作用,且辛味中药在传统医学临床应用中占有较大比例。结合中药辛味的功效内涵及传统中医理论对消渴证的认识,阐述辛味中药与消渴证治疗之间的内在联系,总结辛味中药对“消渴三消”的治疗意义与价值。并在此基础上,对中药五味理论的现代研究趋势和发展方向进行思考,为同行研究提供参考。     

快速检测汉滩病毒新型实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

目的建立一种汉滩型汉坦病毒(Hantaan virus,HTNV)荧光定量(RT-PCR)的检测方法,以便快速准确地检测HTNV。方法利用Beacon Designer7.0设计引物和探针,以HTNV的S基因片段为模板,进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR,评价此方法的特异性及灵敏度。结果建立的RT-PCR方法对HTNV的最低检出限为4.08copies/μL,模板Ct值与稀释浓度的对数之间具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线方程为Y=-3.4118X+41.997,扩增效率为96.4%,R2=0.994。结论所建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法灵敏度高、特异性好,可应用于HTNV的快速检测。     

Association between PPARG genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population: a case-control study

Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-control study sought to identify the relationship between these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population. A total of 910 ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China as a case group, of whom 895 completed the study. The 883 healthy controls were recruited from the Health Check Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. All participants or family members provided informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University, China on February 20, 2012(approval No. 2012-38-1). The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559). Plasma genomic DNA was extracted from all participants and analyzed for rs1801282 and rs3856806 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between ischemic stroke and a particular genotype. Results demonstrated that the G allele frequency of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P 0.001). Individuals carrying the G allele had a 1.844 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.286–2.645, P 0.001). Individuals carrying the rs3856806 T allele had a 1.366 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.077–1.733, P = 0.010). The distribution frequencies of the PPARG gene haplotypes rs1801282-rs3856806 in the control and case groups were determined. The frequency of distribution in the G-T haplotype case group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The risk of ischemic stroke increased to 2.953 times in individuals carrying the G-T haplotype(OR = 2.953, 95% CI: 2.082–4.190, P 0.001). The rs1801282 G allele and rs3856806 T allele had a multiplicative interaction(OR = 3.404, 95% CI: 1.631–7.102, P 0.001) and additive interaction(RERI = 41.705, 95% CI: 14.586–68.824, AP = 0.860; 95% CI: 0.779–0.940; S = 8.170, 95% CI: 3.772–17.697) on ischemic stroke risk, showing a synergistic effect. Of all ischemic stroke cases, 86% were attributed to the interaction of the G allele of rs1801282 and the T allele of rs3856806. The effect of the PPARG rs1801282 G allele on ischemic stroke risk was enhanced in the presence of the rs3856806 T allele(OR = 8.001 vs. 1.844). The effect of the rs3856806 T allele on ischemic stroke risk was also enhanced in the presence of the rs1801282 G allele(OR = 2.546 vs. 1.366). Our results confirmed that the G allele of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus and the T allele of the rs3856806 locus may be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in the Han population of northern China, with a synergistic effect between the two alleles.     

Compliance with clinical guidelines and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among patients living with HIV

Objective: Evaluation of provider compliance with antiretroviral (ARV) treatment guidelines and patient adherence to ARVs is important for HIV care quality assessment; however, there are few current real-world data for guideline compliance and ARV adherence in the US. This study evaluated provider compliance with US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines and patient adherence to ARVs in a US population of patients with HIV.

Methods: This was a retrospective claims study of adults with HIV-1 receiving ARV treatment between January 2010–December 2014. Follow-up began at first ARV treatment and ended at health plan disenrollment or study end. ARV regimens for treatment-naïve patients were categorized as “preferred/recommended”, “alternative”, or “non-preferred/recommended/alternative” according to DHHS guidelines. ARV adherence was evaluated using proportion of days covered (PDC) and medication possession ratio (MPR).

Results: The analysis included 25,320 patients (84.4% male, mean age 45.3 years) and 39,071 regimens. Preferred/recommended regimens were most common during each study year, but the proportion of non-preferred/recommended/alternative regimens was substantial (15.9–20.6%). Only 53.6% of patients had optimal adherence by PDC ≥0.95, and 57.9% by MPR ≥0.95. Guideline non-compliance and sub-optimal adherence were more prevalent among female vs male patients (22.6% vs 14.8% [in 2014] and 65.9% vs 53.7%, respectively).

Conclusions: Provider non-compliance with DHHS guidelines and sub-optimal ARV adherence among patients with HIV remain common in real-world practice, particularly for female patients. Healthcare providers should follow the latest clinical guidelines to ensure that patients receive recommended therapy, and address non-adherence when selecting ARV regimens.     

微课介入医学生物化学传统课堂教育教学模式的探索

目的探索微课介入传统医学生物化学课堂教学对教学效果的影响。方法选取护理本科2个大班学生作为研究对象,其中一个大班作为传统教学对照班,另一个班作为微课介入传统课堂教学试验班,试验结束后,通过随堂检测、问卷调查、期末考试及线上检测,获得测评结果。结果微课结合传统课堂教学能够增加学生学习生物化学的兴趣,加强了学生对生物化学难重点知识的掌握能力,学生们可不受时间和空间限制观看视频,对这种教学很满意,最终在期末考试中发挥出色,成绩提高,优秀率提高。     

骨筋膜室综合征诊断研究进展

骨筋膜室综合征是各种原因导致筋膜室内容物增多、容积减小、压力升高,进而引起一系列肌肉神经症状。(Osteofascial Compartment Syndrome,OCS)重在早期诊断、早期切开,但目前临床常用的诊断方法,如根据临床症状“5P”征诊断骨筋膜室综合征有很多局限性,当患者出现“5P”征时往往病情已经进展到晚期,所以限制了临床的应用。OCS属中医学“筋伤”范畴,多属实证。机体受到创伤后必损气血,血不循经,溢于脉外,闭阻经脉不通,影响气机运行,而致肿胀疼痛,出现气滞血瘀,治宜活血消肿、行气止痛。中医药在创伤早期干预会对OCS产生积极影响。下面笔者将目前OCS的诊断方法及中医药研究进行综述。     

甘肃地区乳腺癌患者的CYP2D6基因多态性及代谢表型特征分析

目的:分析乳腺癌患者的CYP2D6基因多态性和代谢表型，为乳腺癌患者进行他莫西芬（TAM）个体化临床治疗提供参考依据。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年1月于我院乳腺科确诊的170例乳腺癌患者外周血，通过Sanger测序技术对CYP2D6基因的9个外显子进行全面具体分析。结果:本研究主要发现有5个CYP2D6等位基因变异位点:CYP2D6*10、CYP2D6*4、CYP2D6*7、CYP2D6*41和CYP2D6*5，其对应的发生频率分别为66.5%、5.9%、2.4%、0.6%和0.6%；其中，CYP2D6*10/*10基因型在乳腺癌患者中占据主导地位，发生频率为60.6%。结论:中国甘肃地区乳腺癌患者，多以CYP2D6*10等位基因、CYP2D6*10/*10基因型、TAM中间代谢型为主，这可为乳腺癌患者选择相应的个体化药物治疗方案以及本地区乳腺癌患者今后大规模的药物遗传基因组学研究提供参考数据。